Synagoge Gemünden
Die jüdische Schule

„You don't need a suitcase for education“

Historical but not original suitcase including an inventory of moving goods and photos of 17-year old Leo Grünewald from Rheinböllen who had fled to Uruguay.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

This Quote by a Jew from Werlau points to the issue of jewish education in a christian environment. The repeated persecutions, the latent antijudaism or respectively antisemitism and the flexible way of life as merchants were shaping daily life as well as the fear to potentially being forced to leave home altogether.

The early lerning of Hebrew as a foreign language and the familial push towards a maximum of education lead to an overproportional presence in academic work fields in the Weimar Republic, but also earned hatred by those envyieng such success. Traditionally the jewish striving for education was above all concerned with knowledge in the Hebrew language and religion. In the smallest jewish communities, most families were relyieng on their own or a hired teacher to fullfill this objective. It was mostly the housewive’s task to pass on religious values to the new generation. Some hired private teachers or there was at least one day of the weak – oftentimes sunday – where jewish communities organized lessons for their children in the synagoge or an attached classroom attached to it. Because of it’s high population of jewish children, for a long time Gemünden had its own jewish elemantary school. But parents were oftentimes concerned because of a frequent change in teachers, that children might grow distant from religious rites. This is confirmed by the reports of the Rabbinic commission after WW1. The „cultural barbary“ of the National Socialists, the inhumane harassments in schools and the final ban for jewish children to attend schools after 1938 led many parents from the relatively rural Hunsrück region to move to the bigger cities, so their children could at least attend a school there.

Geschichte der jüdischen Schule
Zwischen allen Stühlen - der jüdische Lehrer
Moses Amserdam - Lehrer, Kantor und Schächter in Gemünden

[1]  Schechitah: Rituelles Schlachten, Schächten. Schochet: Schächter. Chasan: Vorbeter/Vorsänger. Emolumente: Nebeneinnahmen. Kantor: Vorsänger

[2]  Recherchen weitgehend von Alemannia Judaica: https://www.alemannia-judaica.de/gemuenden_sim_synagoge.htm

[3]  Sophie Fetthauer: Moses Amsterdam, in: Lexikon verfolgter Musiker und Musikerinnen der NS-Zeit, Claudia Maurer Zenck, Peter Petersen, Sophie Fetthauer (Hg.), Hamburg: Universität Hamburg, 2017 

[4]  Gustav Schellack: Die jüdische Schule in Gemünden/Hunsrück, in: Beiträge zur jüdischen Geschichte und zur Gedenkstättenarbeit in Rheinlandpfalz, Heft Nr.12, Matthias Molitor und Hans-Eberhard Berkemann (Hg.), Bad Kreuznach, 1996. Zum Volltext:

(https://www.lexm.uni-hamburg.de/object/lexm_lexmperson_00003256).